PHP-Handbuch: Gets options from the command line argument list

Beschreibung

array getopt ( string $options [, array $longopts [, int &$optind ]] )

Parses options passed to the script.

Parameter-Liste

options: Each character in this string will be used as option characters and matched against options passed to the script starting with a single hyphen (-). For example, an option string "x" recognizes an option -x. Only a-z, A-Z and 0-9 are allowed.
longopts: An array of options. Each element in this array will be used as option strings and matched against options passed to the script starting with two hyphens (--). For example, an longopts element "opt" recognizes an option --opt.
optind: If the optind parameter is present, then the index where argument parsing stopped will be written to this variable.

The options parameter may contain the following elements:

Individual characters (do not accept values)
Characters followed by a colon (parameter requires value)
Characters followed by two colons (optional value)

Option values are the first argument after the string. If a value is required, it does not matter whether the value has leading white space or not. See note.

Hinweis: Optional values do not accept " " (space) as a separator.

Hinweis:
The format for the options and longopts is almost the same, the only difference is that longopts takes an array of options (where each element is the option) whereas options takes a string (where each character is the option).

Rückgabewerte

This function will return an array of option / argument pairs, Im Fehlerfall wird FALSE zurückgegeben..

Hinweis:
The parsing of options will end at the first non-option found, anything that follows is discarded.

Changelog

Version	Beschreibung
7.1.0	Added the `optind` parameter.
5.3.0	Added support for "=" as argument/value separator.
5.3.0	Added support for optional values (specified with "::").
5.3.0	Parameter `longopts` is available on all systems.
5.3.0	This function is no longer system dependent, and now works on Windows, too.

Beispiele

Beispiel #1 getopt example: The basics


<?php
// Script example.php
$options = getopt("f:hp:");
var_dump($options);
?>

shell> php example.php -fvalue -h

Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:

array(2) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["h"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Beispiel #2 getopt example: Introducing long options


<?php
// Script example.php
$shortopts  = "";
$shortopts .= "f:";  // Required value
$shortopts .= "v::"; // Optional value
$shortopts .= "abc"; // These options do not accept values

$longopts  = array(
    "required:",     // Required value
    "optional::",    // Optional value
    "option",        // No value
    "opt",           // No value
);
$options = getopt($shortopts, $longopts);
var_dump($options);
?>

shell> php example.php -f "value for f" -v -a --required value --optional="optional value" --option

Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:

array(6) {
  ["f"]=>
  string(11) "value for f"
  ["v"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["a"]=>
  bool(false)
  ["required"]=>
  string(5) "value"
  ["optional"]=>
  string(14) "optional value"
  ["option"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Beispiel #3 getopt example: Passing multiple options as one


<?php
// Script example.php
$options = getopt("abc");
var_dump($options);
?>

shell> php example.php -aaac

Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:

array(2) {
  ["a"]=>
  array(3) {
    [0]=>
    bool(false)
    [1]=>
    bool(false)
    [2]=>
    bool(false)
  }
  ["c"]=>
  bool(false)
}

Beispiel #4 getopt example: Using optind


<?php
// Script example.php
$optind = null;
$opts = getopt('a:b:', [], $optind);
$pos_args = array_slice($argv, $optind);
var_dump($pos_args);

shell> php example.php -a 1 -b 2 -- test

Das oben gezeigte Beispiel erzeugt folgende Ausgabe:

array(1) {
  [0]=>
  string(4) "test"
}

Siehe auch

$argv